Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Description
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-term lung condition that makes it harder to breathe. It usually develops after many years of irritation in the lungs, most often from smoking, but other exposures can contribute. People with COPD may have coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath, especially during activities. It is a progressive disease, meaning symptoms can worsen over time and can affect daily life. If you notice symptoms or have risk factors, talk to a qualified healthcare professional for advice and care.
Common Symptoms
• Chronic cough that lasts for months or years
• Increased mucus production and frequent sputum
• Shortness of breath, especially with activity
• Wheezing or a whistling sound when breathing
• Chest tightness or heaviness
• Frequent respiratory infections or illnesses that worsen symptoms
• Fatigue and reduced ability to exercise or perform daily activities
• If you have these symptoms, please consult a qualified healthcare professional for an evaluation
Causes
The primary risk factor is long-term tobacco smoking.
Exposure to secondhand smoke also increases risk.
Prolonged exposure to air pollutants, including occupational dust and fumes and indoor biomass fuel smoke, contributes.
Genetic factors like alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can raise risk in some people.
If you’re concerned about COPD risk, consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized advice.
Treatment Options
COPD treatment usually combines lifestyle changes—like quitting smoking, avoiding lung irritants, staying active, and getting recommended vaccines—with pulmonary rehabilitation.
Medications commonly used include bronchodilators to open airways and inhaled therapies to reduce inflammation; many people use combination inhalers.
Other measures to prevent worsening include vaccines, breathing techniques, and, for some, supplemental oxygen if needed.
In more advanced cases, options may include non-invasive ventilation during breathing difficulties and devices to help clear mucus; some patients may have procedures to assist airflow.
In select cases, surgical options such as lung volume reduction or transplantation may be considered. Regular follow-up with a healthcare professional is essential.