Coronary Artery Disease
Description
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) happens when the arteries that supply blood to your heart become narrowed or blocked by fatty deposits called plaque. This can reduce the heart's blood flow and oxygen, which may cause chest discomfort (angina) or shortness of breath. CAD is more likely if you have risk factors such as smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, a family history of heart disease, or older age. It is the most common type of heart disease, and learning about it can help you have informed conversations with your doctor. If you have symptoms or concerns, talk with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance and care.
Common Symptoms
- Chest pain or discomfort, often described as pressure, squeezing, or fullness.
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.
- Fatigue or unusual tiredness, especially with activity.
- Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting.
- Cold sweat or sweating more than usual.
- Nausea, indigestion, or abdominal discomfort.
- Pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw, or stomach.
If you experience these symptoms, seek prompt evaluation by a qualified healthcare professional.
Causes
CAD usually arises from atherosclerosis, where plaque narrows the coronary arteries and can reduce blood flow.
Major modifiable risk factors include high LDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and physical inactivity.
Non-modifiable risks include older age, male sex, and a family history of premature CAD.
Diets high in saturated fats, trans fats, and added sugars, along with metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease, can raise risk.
For personalized risk assessment and guidance, consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Treatment Options
Lifestyle changes are a key part of management, including a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, quitting smoking, and weight control.
Medications used in general include cholesterol-lowering drugs, antiplatelet therapy, and medicines to manage blood pressure, heart rate, and symptoms.
Procedures to restore blood flow range from less invasive interventions like angioplasty with stent placement to bypass surgery for more extensive disease.
Cardiac rehabilitation and ongoing monitoring help support recovery and adjust treatment as needed.
Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for a plan tailored to your health needs.