Pneumonia

Description

Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that makes the air sacs swell and fill with fluid or pus, which can make breathing difficult. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, and common symptoms include cough, fever, chest pain, and shortness of breath. In India, pneumonia can affect anyone but babies, young children, older adults, and people with other health problems are at higher risk. Diagnosis often involves a physical exam and tests such as a chest X-ray and blood or sputum tests, which are available at government primary health centres and hospitals as well as private clinics across the country. If you notice trouble breathing, a high fever, or chest pain, seek care promptly from a doctor or at a nearby government hospital or primary health centre in India; this information is general and not a substitute for professional medical advice.

Common Symptoms

- Cough that may be dry or produce mucus
- Fever, sometimes with chills
- Shortness of breath or rapid breathing
- Chest pain or discomfort that worsens with deep breaths or coughing
- Fatigue or extreme tiredness
- Confusion or changes in alertness, especially in older adults
- Headache, sweating, nausea, or vomiting in some cases

If you notice these symptoms, seek medical care promptly from a qualified doctor in India (e.g., at a primary health centre, district hospital, or government hospital).

Causes

Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or, less commonly, fungi.
Common bacterial causes include Streptococcus pneumoniae; viral causes include influenza and RSV.
Risk factors in India include young children and older adults, weakened immunity (e.g., HIV, cancer, diabetes), and chronic lung or heart disease.
Smoking or exposure to tobacco and biomass fuel smoke from cooking, malnutrition, and crowded living conditions increase risk and severity.
Vaccination gaps and limited access to timely care can contribute; always consult a doctor in India for personal medical advice.

Treatment Options

In India, pneumonia treatment depends on severity and whether it’s bacterial, viral, or fungal; clinicians emphasize supportive care with plenty of rest, fluids, good nutrition, and fever management.

If bacterial pneumonia is suspected, a doctor may prescribe antibiotics; antivirals may be used if pneumonia is related to influenza, as advised by the clinician.

Breathing support like oxygen therapy and inhaled medicines can be given; severe cases may require hospital admission for IV fluids and closer monitoring.

Diagnostic steps often include chest X-ray, blood tests, sputum tests, and regular checks of oxygen levels using pulse oximetry.

Recovery also hinges on healthy habits and follow-up; vaccines such as pneumococcal vaccines can help prevent pneumonia in the long term; always follow Indian guidelines and consult a local clinician for personal decisions.