Deep Vein Thrombosis
Description
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition in which a blood clot forms in a deep vein, most often in the leg. This can cause swelling, pain, warmth, and sometimes redness in the leg. It can occur after long periods of immobility, after surgery, during pregnancy, or with certain medical conditions, and risk factors include smoking and obesity. If a clot breaks loose, it can travel to the lungs and cause a pulmonary embolism, a serious complication that needs urgent medical care. If you notice sudden leg swelling or chest symptoms, seek evaluation from a doctor in India, such as at a primary health centre or government hospital, where tests like duplex ultrasound may be used to check for a DVT.
Common Symptoms
• Swelling in one leg (often the calf or thigh)
• Pain or tenderness in the leg, especially with walking or standing
• Red, discolored, or warm skin over the affected area
• A feeling of heaviness or tightness in the leg
• Cramps or throbbing in the calf
• Visible veins near the surface of the skin
If you notice these symptoms, visit your nearest primary health centre (PHC) or district government hospital in India for evaluation. If you have sudden chest pain, trouble breathing, or coughing up blood, seek urgent medical care. Always consult a qualified doctor in India for personal medical decisions.
Causes
DVT risk factors include conditions that favor clot formation: slowed blood flow, vessel injury, or a tendency to clot.
Prolonged immobility—long flights or trains, or bed rest after surgery or illness—is a common risk in India and worldwide.
Major surgery (especially hip or knee replacement), recent trauma, cancer, obesity, or older age increase the risk.
Pregnancy and the postpartum period, and hormonal factors like estrogen-containing contraceptives or hormone therapy, can raise DVT risk.
Inherited clotting disorders, smoking, varicose veins, and certain chronic inflammatory conditions also contribute. If you're concerned, discuss with a doctor at a local primary health centre or government hospital in India.
Treatment Options
Deep vein thrombosis is treated to prevent clot growth, reduce the risk of new clots, and protect the leg from damage.
In India, initial treatment often uses anticoagulants started in hospital (injections such as heparin) and then switches to oral medicines like DOACs or warfarin, with monitoring as needed.
Some cases may require clot-busting procedures or catheter-directed thrombolysis, or surgical clot removal; an IVC filter may be used if anticoagulation isn’t possible.
Lifestyle measures such as regular leg movement, compression stockings, leg elevation, staying hydrated, and managing risk factors help prevent complications.
The duration of treatment varies and should be tailored by a doctor; always consult a qualified doctor in India for personal advice and follow-up.