Macular Degeneration

Description

Macular degeneration is a common eye condition that affects the macula, the part of the retina that gives you sharp, central vision. It can cause blurred or distorted central vision, making things like reading, recognizing faces, or seeing fine details harder. There are two main forms—dry and wet—though how vision changes can vary a lot from person to person. The condition most often develops in older adults, and factors like family history and overall eye health can influence risk. If you notice changes in your vision, talk with a qualified healthcare professional or eye specialist for an thorough evaluation and personalized guidance.

Common Symptoms

- Blurred or distorted central vision
- Straight lines appearing wavy or distorted
- Dark or empty areas in the center of your vision
- Difficulty recognizing faces or reading small print
- Colors appearing less vibrant or washed out
- Increased difficulty seeing in low light or needing more light
- Reduced sharpness of central vision or gradual central vision loss

If you notice these symptoms, consult a qualified eye care professional promptly.

Causes

- Age is the strongest risk factor; risk increases with age, especially after 50.
- Genetics: family history and certain gene variants (e.g., CFH, ARMS2) raise risk.
- Smoking substantially increases risk; quitting can lower risk over time.
- Caucasian (white) ethnicity is associated with higher risk than some other groups.
- Other factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and a diet low in antioxidants may be linked to higher risk.
- If you’re concerned about your risk, talk with a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance.

Treatment Options

Treatments for macular degeneration depend on whether it is dry or wet; dry AMD is often monitored with lifestyle changes and vitamins, while wet AMD typically requires medical treatment to stop abnormal blood vessel growth.

Lifestyle changes include not smoking, eating a diet rich in leafy greens and fish, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising, and protecting eyes from sun exposure.

Medications: for wet AMD, anti-VEGF injections into the eye are commonly used to reduce fluid buildup and new vessel growth; other drugs may be considered under supervision.

Procedures: laser therapy or photodynamic therapy can be used in certain cases, along with vision rehabilitation and low-vision aids to help with daily tasks.

Regular eye exams and a personalized plan with an eye care professional are important; consult a qualified healthcare professional for individual advice.