Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Description
Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a condition where the body doesn't use insulin properly, so blood sugar stays higher than normal. It usually develops slowly and is more common in adults, though it can occur in younger people too. Over time, high blood sugar can affect many parts of the body and raise the risk of health problems. People with type 2 diabetes typically have regular checkups with a healthcare professional to monitor blood sugar and overall health. If you notice thirst, very frequent urination, or unexplained tiredness, talk with a qualified healthcare professional.
Common Symptoms
- Increased thirst (polydipsia)
- Frequent urination (polyuria)
- Extreme fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Unexplained weight loss
- Slow-healing sores or frequent infections
- Tingling, pain, or numbness in hands/feet (neuropathy)
- Darkened areas of skin, usually in the armpits or neck (acanthosis nigricans)
- If you notice these symptoms, consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized advice
Causes
Type 2 diabetes arises from a mix of insulin resistance and reduced insulin production.
Being overweight or obese (especially with abdominal fat) and a sedentary lifestyle increase risk.
Family history and certain ethnic backgrounds (such as South Asian, Black, Hispanic, or Native American) also raise risk.
Age (risk rises after about 40) and a history of gestational diabetes or PCOS contribute, too.
High blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol, and unhealthy diets can further elevate risk.
If you're concerned about your personal risk, please talk with a qualified healthcare professional.
Treatment Options
Type 2 diabetes is managed to control blood sugar and reduce cardiovascular risk.
Lifestyle changes include a balanced diet, weight management, regular physical activity, and regular blood sugar monitoring.
Medications are commonly used when lifestyle alone isn’t enough, including various oral pills and injectable therapies; insulin may be needed for some people.
Procedures are considered in select cases, such as bariatric (weight?loss) surgery for eligible individuals, which can improve diabetes control.
Ongoing follow-up with a healthcare professional is essential to tailor treatment and monitor for complications.
Consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized medical decisions.