Hypothyroidism
Description
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland doesn't make enough thyroid hormones. These hormones help control the body's energy use and metabolism. When levels are low, people may feel tired, cold, gain weight, and have dry skin, hair loss, or constipation. It is usually diagnosed with a simple blood test and a discussion with a healthcare professional. If you have persistent symptoms or concerns, talk to a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance.
Common Symptoms
• Fatigue or persistent tiredness
• Weight gain or slowed metabolism
• Cold intolerance or feeling unusually cold
• Dry skin and hair thinning or loss
• Constipation
• Muscle weakness or joint stiffness
• Depression or mood changes, or slowed thinking
If you notice these symptoms, please consult a qualified healthcare professional for evaluation.
Causes
Hypothyroidism is often caused by autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's), where the immune system damages the thyroid.
Other common causes include treatment with radioactive iodine or thyroid surgery that reduces thyroid tissue.
Iodine deficiency can cause hypothyroidism in parts of the world with low iodine intake.
Certain medications (like lithium or some antiarrhythmics) and disorders of the pituitary or hypothalamus affecting TSH can contribute.
Risk factors include older age, family history of thyroid disease, prior thyroid disease, neck radiation exposure, and pregnancy.
If you have symptoms or concerns, consult a qualified healthcare professional for evaluation and appropriate testing.
Treatment Options
Most people with hypothyroidism are treated with lifelong thyroid hormone replacement, typically levothyroxine, under a clinician’s supervision.
Regular blood tests to monitor TSH (and sometimes free T4) guide dose adjustments over time.
Lifestyle factors like a balanced diet, regular physical activity, adequate sleep, and stress management can support well?being but don’t replace medication.
Procedures are not routine for treating hypothyroidism; surgery or thyroid ablation may be considered only for related conditions such as nodules or cancer.
If you’re seeking care, consult a qualified healthcare professional to discuss the best plan for you.