Hyperlipidemia

Description

Hyperlipidemia is a condition in which there are high levels of fats called lipids in the blood, including cholesterol and triglycerides. For many people, there are no obvious symptoms, so it is often found through a blood test. Having high lipid levels can increase the risk of heart disease or stroke over time. Factors that can influence lipid levels include diet, body weight, physical activity, age, and genetics. If you have concerns about your lipids or a family history of high cholesterol, talk with a qualified healthcare professional who can explain what your results mean for you and discuss next steps.

Common Symptoms

- Most people with hyperlipidemia have no noticeable symptoms.
- Signs that may appear include xanthelasma (yellow lipid deposits around the eyelids).
- Tendinous xanthomas (lipid deposits on tendons, such as the Achilles) can occur.
- Xanthomas on the elbows, knees, or other areas of the skin may be seen.
- Corneal arcus (a gray or white ring around the cornea) may be noticed by an eye doctor.
- Very high triglycerides can rarely cause pancreatitis, presenting with severe abdominal pain.
- Hyperlipidemia is typically detected through blood tests, not symptoms—consult a healthcare professional for evaluation if you have concerns.

Causes

Genetics, including familial hyperlipidemia, can lead to high lipid levels.
Diet high in saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol can raise lipids.
Overweight or obesity and physical inactivity contribute to higher lipid levels.
Other health conditions such as diabetes, thyroid problems, kidney disease, and metabolic syndrome increase risk; risk rises with age and is often higher in men.
Lifestyle factors like smoking and excessive alcohol use can worsen lipid levels, and family history can play a role.
If you are concerned about your risk or lipid levels, consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Treatment Options

Hyperlipidemia is typically managed with lifestyle changes that emphasize a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management, not smoking, and limiting alcohol.

If needed, clinicians may prescribe medications to lower cholesterol and triglycerides, such as statins or other lipid-lowering drugs.

Additional drug options include ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, fibrates, or related agents, chosen based on individual risk and lipid patterns.

In rare cases, procedures like LDL apheresis can be used for severe inherited forms, and people with established cardiovascular disease may undergo related cardiovascular procedures as part of risk reduction.

Regular follow-up with a healthcare professional is important to monitor lipids and adjust the plan.